Global supply chains (GSCs) emerge and continue to be shaped with a primary goal of operational efficiency, leading to the growth of the world economy. However, GSCs are currently at a historical turning point. Supply chain disruption risks due to infectious diseases and natural disasters, geopolitical risks like the US–China trade war, the rise of protectionist policies and industrial automation and digitalisation policy interventions in major countries, and increasing pressure on sustainability issues – all these unprecedented uncertainties are forcing GSCs to restructure to become more resilient. What will be the new normal for global supply chains? What should the resilient GSC be like? What strategies should governments and businesses employ individually and collectively to overcome multiple crises or uncertainties, yet become more resilient, sustainable, economically stable, innovative, and agile?

This study provides evidence and policy recommendations useful for AMS to take advantage of global supply chain uncertainties. This research has a three-fold significance: the timely provision of 1) information on the short-term issue on emerging supply chain disruption risks due to the radical reciprocal tariff increases and other protective measures under Trump 2.0; and 2) a unique in-depth analysis of the medium to long-term challenges and opportunities with digitalisation and decarbonisation); 3) with a special focus on firm-level responses to consolidation and fragmentation (i.e. MNCs' supply chain restructuring strategies and impacts for local firms in ASEAN). Our study will help AMS design active policy measures in line with the reality of shifting business activities of in the domains of responsive procurement, sustainable production, and collective selling.